DOI: 10.1016/J.AEJ.2021.08.036 Corpus ID: 244633011; Improving the rotary kiln-electric furnace process for ferronickel production: Data analytics-based assessment of dust insufflation into the rotary kiln flame
The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is the most common method for ferronickel production from laterite ore. Since sulfur deteriorates the mechanical properties of ferronickel, it is essential to examine the routes through which sulfur is transferred to the nickel-containing product during the extraction process.
The rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is the main method for producing ferronickel from nickel laterite ore . However, this process is energy intensive as it involves several high temperature steps. ... Mudd GM (2010) Global trends and environmental issues in nickel mining: Sulfides versus laterites. Ore Geol Rev 38(1):9–26. Article ...
Among these methods, the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is widely used in China due to its advantages of good adaptability for various nickel laterite, less harmful elements, high production efficiency and mature process [10].
The industry is now dominated by the Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace approach (RKEF). Blast furnaces are now used less frequently. The RKEF route consists of three main steps: dry, reduce, and smelt. Saprolite ore is the normal feed, but limonite ores can also be smelted. Most facilities follow the process outlined below, but there are exceptions.
The Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace (RKEF) is one of the common pyro-metallurgical processes for ferronickel smelting due to its great flexibility to different grade laterite nickel ores [9,10].
Fig. 1 shows a simplified flow diagram of the RKEF process for FeNi production. First, the laterite mineral enters the process with an average nickel content of 1.8–3.0% wt and a moisture content of 17–34% wt. The rotary dryer reduces the moisture content to around 10.0% wt [10].Next, fresh minerals and reductant coal enter the rotary kiln furnace to undergo …
Prior to the 1960s, conducting calcination and prereduction in a separate vessel, called a rotary kiln, was reported to be economically better. Therefore, the use of the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process appeared in the introduction of the strategic Udy smelting process, proposed by M.J. Udy
How to reduce the energy consumption of the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process has become an important issue for the stainless steel industry. The aim of this study is to reduce the energy consumption of ferronickel production from saprolite nickel laterite in the RKEF process. The effects of the slag binary basicity, FeO content, and Cr2O3 content …
The Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace process is a widely recognized pyrometallurgical route for ferronickel production. This paper focuses on the rotary kiln furnace, an intermediate
Each production line of the RKEF process consists of two rotary kilns and an electric furnace. The first kiln is for drying of the ore, the second completes the drying process and reduces the ore too. Finally, nickel (and …
Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which...
In addition, the direct reduction magnetic separation process [14], rotary kiln-electric furnace process [15, 16] and rotary kiln-melting reduction process [17,18] are used to produce the ...
Characterisation and Dissolution Behaviour of a Chloride-Containing Silver Material in Nitric Acid Solution. Nickel and Cobalt Recovery from Spent Ni-Metal-Hydride (NiMH) Batteries. An …
The standard laterite pyrometallurgical flowsheet typically referred to as RKEF process (Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace) consists of the following stages, each with a specific ... Dalvi AD et al (2004) The past and the future of Nickel Laterites, PDAC presentation. Google Scholar Rodrigues RL et al (2010) The Onça Puma nickel project, Paper ...
For the industrial application of duplex process, a preferable stainless-steel master alloy with 10.02% Ni was obtained at a lower cost of 8420 RMB/t than that of 8731 RMB/t for a stainless-steel master alloy containing 8.14% Ni in conventional rotary kiln-electric furnace process, and the recovery of nickel also increased from 91.27% to 95.51% ...
The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is the one of the most widely adopted technological process for ferronickel smelting production. A schematic of the RKEF process with rotary dryer, rotary kiln and electric furnace is shown in Fig. 1.As depicted, the RKFF process involves three main processes: the dehydration process in rotary dryer; the roasting and pre …
The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and smelting—followed by further …
1. Introduction Ferronickel, an alloy containing 20–40 wt% nickel and 60– 80 wt% iron, is essential to manufacture stainless steel and other alloys [1,2].
It is proposed that a single RKEF line comprising one kiln producing 240 t/h of calcine feeding a 120 MW furnace could process 2 million tonnes per year of dry new ore …
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the …
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the high power consumption. In this study, aiming to provide some meaningful guidance for ferronickel production of RKEF smelting, reductive roasting followed by smelting
The rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is the primary method for extracting nickel from saprolite ores. In this technique, the ore is first calcined and pre-reduced at 850–1000 °C in a rotary kiln followed by smelting in an electric furnace at 1500–1600 °C (Eliott, 2015, Warner et al., 2006).
Two-thirds of the global nickel output is produced by the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process. Due to the high contents of MgO and SiO 2 and low content of iron in laterite ore, high temperature (~1600 ℃) and huge energy consumption (approximately 4000 kW⋅h/t-ferronickel) are required during the smelting step. This chapter proposes an energy …
The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo …
The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is suitable for processing magnesia silicate laterite type A, intermediate laterite type C1, and C2. How is Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace(RKEF) Process? Nickel smelting plant under construction. Drying uses a rotary drying kiln to mainly remove part of the water in the ore. Roasting – pre-reduction.
Walker C, Kashani-Nejad S, Dalvi A et al (2009) Future of rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) processing of nickel laterites. In: Proceedings of the European metallurgical conference, EMC, 2009. Google Scholar Crundwell FK, Moats MS, Ramachandran V et al (2011) Extractive metallurgy of nickel cobalt & platinum group metals.
The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and smelting—followed by further …
The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo calcination and ...
In the recent years, ferronickel has been used as a substitute for electrolytic nickel for alleviating the cost of stainless steel production. Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the high power consumption.
Abstract The rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is the main method for producing ferronickel from nickel laterite ore. However, this process is energy ... Mudd GM (2010) Global trends and environmental issues in nickel mining: Sulfides versus laterites. Ore Geol Rev 38(1):9–26 4. Rao MJ, Li GH, Jiang T, Luo J, Zhang YB, Fan XH (2013 ...
Rotary kiln electric furnace (RKEF) is a well-proven technology for smelting nickel laterite into ferronickel [6]. The process consisted of ore drying in a rotary dryer, as expressed in reaction ...
How to reduce the energy consumption of the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process has become an important issue for the stainless steel industry. The aim of this …
The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and smelting—followed by further …
Principles of operation have been discussed and compared to the operation of furnaces pro-ducing low grade FeNi in the well known non-selective smelting process. FeNi-SMELTING The Rotary Kiln — Electrical Furnace RKEF) Process for the production of ferronickel was developed in the pilot plant of Elkem's R D Center in 1953-54.
The RKEF Method. The RKEF, or Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace method, is a pyrometallurgical approach to producing ferronickel. As a pyrometallurgical technique, this method is best suited for ores that are predominantly saprolite. The RKEF method involves a variety of steps and is summarized below. Drying
