The present invention includes a partially continuous countercurrent process for converting gypsum, by reaction with ammonium carbonate, to products of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by introducing the reactants into reactors, mixing the reactants for a predetermined amount of time, employing a novel combination of countercurrent flows coupled …
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Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Mineral carbonation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum for CO2 sequestration" by Myung-Gyu Lee et al. ... Direct mineral carbonation was investigated as a process to convert gaseous CO2 into a geologically stable final form. ... Producing Ammonium Sulfate from Flue Gas Desulfurization By-Products.
This study highlights the work carried out on the conversion of PG by soft chemistry into calcium carbonates and ammonium sulfate by the action of ammonium carbonate.
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has been …
Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate production. During this quarter, more bench-scale experiments including a mass balance analysis were conducted; a yield up to 83% and up to 99% purity were achieved. ...
Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate were tested at temperatures between 60 to 70{degrees}C for a duration of five to six hours. The results of a literature …
Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70 {degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate production.
Direct mineral carbonation (MC) is used to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This method has the great advantages of reducing the amount of industrial residues and creating valuable materials by incorporating CO2. Waste gypsum, industrial waste including flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum (25.27–53.40 wt% of CaO), and phosphogypsum …
The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake product contains 98.36% gypsum (CaSOâ.2HâO), and less than 0.01% calcium sulfate (CaSOâ). Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ...
The authors have been developing a process which converts FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with precipitated calcium carbonate as a by-product during the conversion.
Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate production. During this quarter, more bench-scale experiments including a mass balance analysis were conducted; a yield up to 83% and up to 99% purity were achieved. ...
Ammono-carbonation reaction of any kind of gypsum (pure, PG or FGD gypsum) with ammonium carbonate known as Merseburg Process is used to produce ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate.
Flue-gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum is a highly prevalent industrial by-product worldwide, which can be an excellent alternative to natural gypsum due to its high content of CaSO4·2H2O. The preparation of α …
Applications of Gypsum and Ammonium Sulfate Change Soil Chemical Properties of a Salt-Affected Agricultural Soil ... then incorpor ated into the soil using disk harrow ... FGD-gypsum, 0; 5800 ...
The present invention includes a partially continuous countercurrent process for converting gypsum, by reaction with ammonium carbonate, to products of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by introducing the reactants into reactors, mixing the reactants for a predetermined amount of time, employing a novel combination of countercurrent flows coupled with the …
nvert fgd gypsum into ammonium sulphate ; Process for converting FGD gypsum to ammonium . A continuous countercurrent flow process for converting FGD gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate including countercurrent flows with internal recycle of liquids to maximize the purity of reaction products while minimizing reaction times, and further …
In order to study the resource utilization of sintering flue gas desulfurization gypsum, the reaction of ammonium carbonate and the sintering flue gas desulfurization gypsum was involved to ...
A continuous countercurrent flow process for converting FGD gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate including countercurrent flows with internal recycle of liquids to maximize the purity of reaction products while minimizing reaction times, and further include embodiments of the process that provide a yield of both ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate to be …
In 2020, global FGD-gypsum production is expected to reach 255 million tons, with Asia accounting for 55%, followed by Europe (22%), North America (18%), and the rest of the world (5%).
CRUSHER TORGERSEN 1315 in Colima, Colima, Mexico. convert fgd gypsum into ammonium sulphate in Karnal, Haryana, India. Jul 18, 2012 ...
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has been calculated and used to estimate a market price for the product. The average market price of granular ammonium sulfate ($138/ton) exceeds the rough estimated cost of ammonium …
Ammonium chloride and ammonia were analytically pure, and CO 2 was industrial grade in purity. Download: Download high-res image (692KB) Download: Download full-size image; Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns of desulfurization gypsum, carbonation product and carbonation by-product, (b-c) SEM images of flue gas desulfurization gypsum and carbonation product.
Abstract. A continuous countercurrent flow process for converting FGD gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate including countercurrent flows with internal recycle of liquids to maximize the purity of reaction products while minimizing reaction times, and further include embodiments of the process that provide a yield of both ammonium sulfate and calcium …
Without KCl (Fig. 1a), the transformation from FGD gypsum to α-HH began at 360 min and completed within 420 min.When 1% KCl (by weight of FGD gypsum) (Fig. 1b) was added into the mixed solutions ...
8758 719 Process for Converting FGD Gypsum to Ammonium Sulfate - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. pembutan amonium sulfat bahan baku FGD gypsum.
ammonium sulfate fgd gypsum converting converting fgd Prior art date Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.) Withdrawn Application number EP13828330.4A Other languages German (de ...
Mineralogically identical to natural gypsum, FGD gypsum, or synthetic gypsum, is produced from gas captured within emission control systems at coal fired electric utilities. An emission that would compromise air quality, sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas, is the primary contribution coal makes to FGD gypsum. Utilities that produce panel-grade synthetic gypsum beneficially reuse FGD …
Accordingly, for every tonne of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 produced, 0.9 tonnes of CaCO 3 is generated which can permanently sequester 0.4 tonnes of CO 2, and 1.6 tonnes of waste gypsum is consumed [25].
This work develops a new class of salt solution method to prepare alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum in trace K 2 SO 4-contained 4.0 M Ca(NO 3) 2 aqueous solution at 95 °C under atmospheric pressure. The driving force for the phase transition is provided by the concentrated Ca(NO 3) 2 solution through …
